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Causality & Counterfactuals
Browse 6 free mental model guides in Causality & Counterfactuals.
Guides in this category
Counterfactuals and DAGs
Using visual maps of causes (DAGs) to rigorously answer 'what if' questions about events that never happened.
Read guideDAGs vs. Potential Outcomes
Two complementary frameworks for understanding cause and effect: one maps relationships (DAGs), the other imagines 'what if' scenarios (Potential Outcomes).
Read guideExchangeability & Ignorability
Understand the 'apples-to-apples' principle crucial for determining true cause and effect in any comparison.
Read guidePotential Outcomes Framework
A framework for defining causal effects by comparing what actually happened to what would have happened under different circumstances.
Read guideSingle World Intervention Graphs
A graph that shows counterfactual variables for a single intervention choice, making “what if” reasoning precise.
Read guideCausal Effect
The specific impact an action has on an outcome, measured by comparing what happened to what would have happened without that action.
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