Guides

Beliefs, Expectations & Information Design

15 free guides in this category.

Guides in this category.

Bayesian Updating

Learn to rationally adjust your beliefs and improve your judgment by incorporating new evidence.

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Belief Miscalibration & Overconfidence

Why our confidence often exceeds our accuracy, what research finds, and practical steps to calibrate judgments.

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Beliefs as Probabilities

Treat your beliefs not as certainties (true/false) but as probabilities that you can update with new evidence.

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Blackwell Informativeness & Value of Information

A rigorous framework for measuring how much information improves decisions and determining when seeking information is worth the cost.

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Goodhart's Law

When a measure becomes a target, it ceases to be a good measure.

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Information Design & Bayesian Persuasion

Understand how strategically revealing truthful information can persuade rational individuals more effectively than raw data dumps.

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Likelihood Ratios & Bayes Factors

Quantitative tools for updating beliefs by measuring how much new evidence should shift your confidence in competing explanations.

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Motivated Reasoning

The tendency to process information in a way that supports desired conclusions rather than remaining objectively neutral.

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Order Effects in Evidence

The sequence in which we encounter information shapes our judgments and decisions, with early evidence often carrying disproportionate weight.

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Prior Elicitation Techniques

Structured ways to turn expert beliefs into explicit starting assumptions for analysis, with steps to reduce bias and document uncertainty.

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Rational Inattention

People naturally ignore information because processing it is costly, leading to systematic mistakes even when trying to make rational choices.

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Scoring Rules & Calibration

Learn to measure and improve the accuracy of your probabilistic forecasts by honestly assessing your own uncertainty.

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Sequential Testing & SPRT

A method for making reliable decisions by analyzing data as it arrives and stopping as soon as enough evidence is gathered.

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Social Learning & DeGroot

How beliefs spread through networks and why influence depends on your position in the social graph.

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Cheap Talk

Messages without binding consequences that can still influence beliefs and decisions through credibility signals.

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